A TEXT BOOK OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES

This book is about an overview of the energy management problem in hybrid electric vehicles. This book covers historical context and future development of an electric vehicle and it may be powered through a collector system by electricity from off-vehicle sources, or may be self-contained with a battery, solar panels or a generator to convert fuel to electricity. EVs include
road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater vessels, electric aircraft and electric spacecraft. A comprehension of these Hybrid Electric Vehicles is the focus of this book. B Tech and M Tech students should learn about Electric Vehicles technology and its design.
As we are the authors belongs to several institutions collaboratively bring out this book for the benefit of Engineering Students, Researchers, and Academicians across the globe as per their curriculum. Here, an attempt has been made to generate a textbook and reference which could be interesting in Hybrid Automobile technology. Comments and suggestions from the designers, professors, and students prompted me to implement several changes and correct errors. We deeply grateful to those who helped me further improve this edition.
We owe a debt of gratitude and many thanks to our Managements, and Principals of our respective Institutions for encouraging us to completion of this book. We all the authors Dr S. Vijaya Kumar, Professor – Dr. K V Subba Reddy Institute of Technology (Autonomous), Dr Mamidala Vijay Karthik Associate Professor CMR Engineering College, Hyderabad, Ms. A. Hima
Bindu Assistant Professor Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Science, Rajampet, and Mr. Vanam. Satya Narayana, Associate Professor Vaagdevi Engineering College, Warangal, Telangana, and Dr. G Madhusudhana Rao, Professor of EE, OP Jindal University, Raigarh, (C.G) collaboratively given the valuable contributions in this book. The simplicity of description and an
intuitive approach was the key requirements we set for ourselves while working on the manuscript. Our true goal was not to pile up a collection of information but rather to entice the reader into a creative process.
We express our profound thanks to those who helped make this book a reality. Any suggestions for improving the book will be acknowledged and well appreciated.