In today’s fast-paced world, the demand for portability has become ubiquitous. The need for wireless communication has gained significant attention due to its ability to provide connectivity and convenience in a portable manner. While wired communication networks offer superior performance, the main challenge with them lies in their lack of portability. Wireless communication, on the other hand, overcomes this limitation, allowing users to stay connected on the go. However, wireless transmission faces its own fundamental obstacle: time-varying multipath fading. Multipath fading is a phenomenon that occurs when signals reach the receiver from various paths due to reflection, diffraction, and other wireless propagation effects. Each signal path introduces different levels of attenuation, time delay, and phase shift, causing fluctuations in signal strength.
To mitigate the adverse effects of multipath fading, several techniques have been developed, with diversity being a practical and effective approach widely employed. Diversity in wireless communication refers to the use of multiple copies of the same signal to combat fading. By having multiple signal replicas, the chances of at least one of them being of good quality increase, enhancing the overall reliability of the communication link. Diversity can be achieved through different means, including temporal diversity, frequency diversity, and antenna (spatial) diversity.
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