A HANDBOOK OF IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES

The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work to defend the body against harmful pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It serves as the body’s primary line of defense against infectious diseases, while also playing a critical role in maintaining overall health and well-being.

There are two main components to the immune system: the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. The innate immune system provides immediate but generalized protection, employing barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as cells like macrophages and neutrophils, to keep foreign invaders at bay. On the other hand, the adaptive immune system is more specialized and takes time to develop. It creates antibodies tailored to specific pathogens that the body has previously encountered, ensuring a swift and effective response to subsequent exposures.

The immune system has the remarkable ability to distinguish between self and non-self, allowing it to target foreign invaders without harming the body’s cells. However, it’s not infallible. Sometimes the immune system can mistake healthy cells for harmful ones, leading to autoimmune disorders. Additionally, a weakened immune system can leave the body susceptible to infections.

This book has been written keeping in mind the needs of different competitive exams like CSIR, DBT, GATE, ICMR, CUET, and related exams. In this book, we explore deep into the fundamental principles and applications that govern our body’s defense mechanisms. Designed to meet the needs of both novice and experienced test-takers, this book comes packed with a plethora of questions, ranging from multiple-choice to short-answer and key points, each followed by detailed solutions and explanations. Our aim is not just to provide answers but to clear your concepts and resolve any remaining doubts. Whether you are struggling with the complexities of immunological techniques, adaptive immunity, the signaling pathways of T and B cells, or the role of cytokines and chemokines, this book is your one-stop resource for mastering the subject of immunology and excelling in your exams. Utmost care has been maintained to refrain from any error, but humans have limitations and also seek your suggestions for fulfilling the aim of the present book.