AN EVALUATED UNDERSTANDING OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The primary goal of writing this book is to acquaint researchers/students with the key concepts and topics to consider while conducting rigorous and effective research. This book is written in simple language with basic examples so that everyone may understand the notion of research methodology. This book is not a replacement for those standard works, but rather a beginning point to assist you to learn the language and finding what you may need to know.

In the first chapter, I highlighted the foundations of research technique, such as definition, aims, types of research, research approaches, criteria for effective research, and problems encountered by Indian researchers. In the second chapter, I covered one of the most significant topics: defining research problems. As we all know, “a well-defined problem is half solved,” thus if research problems are identified correctly, researchers can easily complete their research task.

In the third chapter, I covered research design.  Research design is the blueprint for your research activity; it serves as an essential component of any research work. In this chapter, I attempted to address all components of research design. In the fourth chapter, I explored sampling design, specifically different forms of sample design, and I also explored the various factors that influence sampling design and sampling size.

In the fifth chapter, I examined measurement and scaling techniques, including measurement scales, the different sources of error in measurement, techniques of developing measurement tools scaling &scale construction techniques. In the sixth chapter, I look at the different techniques of data collecting. I also attempted to cover the many tools that we use in the various data collection methods.

Another important topic I covered in chapter seven of this book is the processing & analysis of data. In this chapter, I discussed the processing operations, problems in processing, different types of analysis, and some numerical part of research such as measurement of central tendency, measurement of dispersion, measurement of asymmetry, correlation, and regression, all of which are crucial parts of any good research work. In the eighth chapter, I deliberately explain the fundamental of sampling especially sampling theory, Sandler’s a test, the concept of standard error, and estimating the population means and sample size which is the base of any research work.

The following topics are explored in the next chapter; the meaning of hypothesis, basic concept concerning testing of hypotheses (parametric), the procedure for hypotheses testing, and tests of hypotheses. I believed that this chapter would be the Unique Selling Preposition of this book. In the ninth and tenth chapters, I discussed the chi-square test, as well as the analysis of variance and covariance, which are crucial topics in research methodology and are used in all sorts of studies.

Testing of hypotheses in non-parametric or distribution-free tests is another topic that I covered in the next chapter in brief. In this last chapter, I attempted to discuss multivariate analysis techniques, particularly variables in multivariate analysis, important multivariate techniques, R types & Q type factor analysis, and path analysis