Research in Biological Sciences – Challenges and Opportunities

An Innovation is something original, new and important in whatever field that breaks the market or society. The driving force behind much of the recent boom in biology science is technological development. There are immense diversity and rapid evolution of technologies with relevance to (or impact on) the life sciences enterprise. Nanotechnology, Biotechnology synergistic combination create novel opportunities for scientists, industrialists and researchers to explore the aspects of biological and chemical diversity that cannot be accessed through natural mechanisms or processes.

In the beginning of the 21st century, scientific discovery and its understanding is playing an important role in meeting the challenges-related to environment, human health, economic conditions, effecting societies everywhere. Indeed it is reasonable to say that we are entering the age of Biology.

To meet the changing societal and environmental needs, improve the quality of human life, promoting health, preventing diseases and ensuring adequate food possibility of new energy sources, Genetic engineering and biotechnology plays a vital role as biological agent making it potent or damaging. The threat of old infectious diseases is persisting where, these diseases are the second largest killers in the world. In addition to this the new emerging diseases are posing serious problems. New communicable diseases and drug-resistant infectious diseases are also increasing. Because of sedentary life, diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity is now the leading cause of death in developing and industrial World.

An average of one new infectious disease and twenty drug-resistant diseases are appearing every year. In addition to that some old diseases such as cholera, Tuberculosis, chikungunya, yellow fever etc., reappeared. More than 1100 epidemics have identified. About 75% of emerging pathogens are zoonotic. Current infection risks are NDM-1-an enzyme that can make a variety of bacteria resistant to most drugs, many forms of influenza-(H5N1) avian flu such as Mutant avian flu is produced intentionally-a bio weapon. New problems may come from unregulated synthetic biology laboratories of the future. Future use of genetic data software and Nanotechnology will help to detect and treat disease and the genetic or molecular level.

With all multifaceted problems in the world today, there is a need of imperative innovations in biological sciences.  This book describes the updates on the methodologies and recent trends in Biological Research, challenges and opportunities.  The book will help postgraduate students and researchers to explore the recent research and techniques in Biological Sciences which help them to reach their objectives and goals.